The anterior cruciate ligament originates at the medial wall of the lateral femoral condyle and inserts into the middle of the intercondylar area. Together with the Posterior cruciate ligament constitute a significant structure for the stabilization and kinematics of the knee joint. They provide firstly stability during flexion/extension of the knee but as well during […]

Nowadays we are getting more and more evidence that there is a poor correlation between imaging and pain, therefore is a strong message to use a biopsychosocial model when assessing a pain condition. This is true above all talking about chronic pain. This means that a detected “abnormality” in the Instrumental imaging(MRI, CT-scan, ultrasound scan […]

It is a training involving the use of cuffs placed around a limb during exercise, aiming a partial arterial occlusion. The occlusion pressure used it is usually 40-80% for the Lower limb and 40-60% for the Upper Limb. The 100% limb occlusion pressure is obtained using different methods such as auscultation, palpation or using a […]

What is a meniscus? Meniscus is a fibrocartilaginous tissue(cartilage) present in several joints in the human body, its main function is to connect bones together. Meniscus is C-shaped pieces of cartilage that act like a cushion, it’s basically a shock absorber. Are present two menisci in each knee, they  disperse the weight of the body […]

Has been demonstrated that the training of the PFM, it is the gold standard in the treatment of stress and mixed urinary incontinence. Is true as well that not all women are able to efficiently activate the PFM. Is the co-contraction an effective way to activate the PFM? The activation of some hip muscle and […]

Pain is an unpleasant sensation and emotional experience linked with actual or potential tissue damage. Its purpose is to allow the body to react and prevent further tissue damage. Also, it protects a damaged body part while it heals and protects to avoid similar experiences in the future. Chronic pain is a pain which persists […]

The researches of the last years have shown that patients with fibromyalgia have often dysfunction of the stress response system and is emerging that could be important in the pathogenesis of the syndrome. The Autonomic nervous system(ANS) maintains all the involuntary functions such as  heart rate, digestion, respiratory rate, pupillary response, urination, sexual arousal etc. […]

All around there is still a lot of confusion regarding this topic, the physical activity during Pregnancy is still seen as something of harmful. What is the reality? Physical activity during Pregnancy, should be considered a front-line therapy for reducing the risk of pregnancy complications, and enhancing maternal physical and mental health. Eradicate some myths […]

It is estimated that several chronic pain conditions are related with poor sleep. Epidemiological studies indicate that poor sleep quality is a risk factor for the development of chronic widespread pain among an otherwise healthy population, further supporting the hypothesis that sleep dysfunction is a pathogenic stimulus of fibromyalgia. Sleep quality is a prognostic factor […]

The autonomic nervous system has 2 branches: the sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system. The sympathetic nervous system is considered as “fight or flight” system, while the parasympathetic nervous system is considered as “rest and digest” or “feed and breed” system. In many cases, both of these systems have “opposite” actions where one system […]